PRESENT INDEFINITE

PRESENT INDEFINITE 

Formation

Affirmative: Subject + V1(s, es) + Object.

Negative : Subject + do not/ does not + V1 + Object.

Interrogative Do / Does + Subject + V1 + Object ?

Wh- question : Wh- word + do / does + Subject + V1 + Object ?

• In this tense in affirmative (simple) sentences with the third person singular subject use ‘s’ or ‘es’ form of the verbs and with plural (including 3rd person plural) subjects use 1st form of the verb as;

• In negatives, we use don not or does not, with the third person singular subject use ‘does not’ and with plural (including 3rd person plural) subjects use do not;

• In interrogative sentences always use helping verbs do or does before the subject and 1st form of verb is used with all the subject:

SPELLING RULES: 

• Add ‘es’ to the first form of the verb if it ends in ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘o’, or ‘ox’ as teaches, rushes, goes, passes or washes.
• If a verb ends n ‘y’ and is a consonant before ‘y’ change ‘y’ into ‘i’ an add ‘es’ to the verb-

          Cry = cries, fly = flies, thy = tries
EXCEPTION 

• If there is a vowel before ‘y’ add only ‘s’ to the first form of the verb;

Enjoy = enjoys, pray = prays, obey = obeys 

• To all verbs add only ‘s’

USES OF TENSES 

1 To express a habitual action, daily routine or custom. These ideas are expressed by the adverbs daily, always, seldom, usually, normally, generally, rarely, frequently, often, never, occasionally, sometimes, everyday, every week, every month, every year, once a week, twice a week : 
Examples:

(i) He goes for a walk every morning.
(ii) I get up at 6 a.m. in the morning.
(iii) You always speak the truth.
(iv) The Hindus burn their dead.
(v) He takes a walk every morning.

2 To express general truth: 
(i) Two and two make four.
(ii) The sun sets in the east.
(iii) The earth moves round the sun.

3 When an exclamatory sentence begins with ‘here’ or ‘there’ simple present tense is to be used:
(i) Here comes the train !
(ii) Here he goes !
(iii) Here goes the rabbit!
(iv) There goes the rabbit!

4 In a running commentary: 
(i) Sen Warn balls to Sachin and Sachin hits a six.

5. To express an event that true at the time of speaking: 
(i) He reads in 10th class.
(ii) I live at Mandola.

6 To express a situation or fact that is permanent: 
(i) Agra stands up on the bank of the river Yamuna.
(ii) My house faces north.
(iii) This road leads to Rewari.

7 It refers to a future action that is a part of a plan or an arrangement: 
(i) The next movie begins in 5 min.
(ii) The Indian team goes to South Africa next month.
(iii) The P.M. arrives from New York tomorrow.

8  To introduce quotation: 
(i) My father says, “The earth moves round the sun”.
Note: It is also correct if said is used in place of say.

9. It is used to show future time in the subordinate clause (beginning with the conjunctions like if, till as soon as, when unless before, until, even if, in case), if the principal clause is in simple future. 
(i) If he comes here we shall help him.
(ii) I shall wait you till you finish your lunch.
(iii) I shall go to market, if it rains.
(iv) We shall go when the child comes back.
(v) We shall wait till she arrives.
(vi) Before he comes I shall finish my work.
(vii) I shall wait until it strikes eight.
(viii) I shall start my work as he comes.
(ix) I shall go to Delhi in case she asks me.
(x) I shall not go there even if it rains.
(xi) When she comes, I shall give ger a kiss.
(xii) Unless he works hard, he cannot pass.
(xiii) We shall move as soon as the bus arrives.